Protection of networks in public, private, and hybrid cloud environments. Covers secure configuration of VPCs, subnets, security groups, network ACLs, virtual firewalls, micro-segmentation, management of east-west and north-south traffic, VPNs, and secure interconnections between cloud and on-premise. Includes monitoring of cloud-native network traffic, prevention of lateral movement, workload isolation, and compliance with frameworks like CIS Benchmarks and Cloud Security Alliance.